Liquid dispersing nozzle



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United States Patent O 3,226,039 LIQUID DISPERSING NOZZLE Tracy B. Tyler, 7936 Byron Ave., Miami Beach, Fla. Filed Apr. 2, 1964, Ser. No. 356,792 19 Claims. (Cl. 239-406) This invention relates to improvement in devices for dispersing liquids, such as pesticides, air deodorants, etc., into the atmosphere in the form of fog or mist, and, more specicially, to nozzles devised for such purpose which function by air flow aspiration to disperse the liquid into such fog or mist and impel it into the atmosphere in the manner of an atomizer.

A prime object of the invention is to provide such a nozzle which with a Venturi tube and a novel disposition of Venturi liquid supply spout and of air whirling fins or vanes produces an exceptionally fine liquid dispersion.

Another object is to provide such a nozzle which by employing a plurality of small Venturi tubes for a desired spray output volume, instead of one large tube, effects a finer and more complete liquid dispersion than has heretofore been attained.

Still another object is to provide such a nozzle which for production simplicity and cost economy is constructed with a minimum number of parts and so designed that it may readily be molded in plastic, or die cast in metal if preferred.

These and various other objects of my invention will be apparent from the following description wherein reference is made to the accompanying drawings illustrating certain embodiments of my invention, and wherein similar numerals designate similar parts throughout the several views and figures.

In the drawings:

FIGURE l is a front elevational view of a preferred embodiment of the nozzle.

FIGURE 2 is a side elevational view.

FIGURE 3 is a rear elevational view.

FIGURE 4 is a vertical transverse sectional view taken on line 4 4 of FIGURE l and viewed in the direction indicated by the arrows.

FIGURE 5 is a vertical plan sectional view taken on line 55 of FIGURE 2 and viewed in the direction indicated by the arrows.

FIGURE 6 is a vertical plan sectional view taken on line 6-6 of FIGURE 2 and viewed in the direction indicated by the arrows.

FIGURE 7 is a fragmentary vertical transverse sectional view corresponding to FIGURE 4, but showing a modified embodiment of certain elements.

FIGURE 8 is a fragmentary plan sectional view corresponding to FIGURE 5, but showing certain portions modified in form.

FIGURE 9 is a fragmentary plan sectional view corresponding to FIGURE 6, but showing certain portions modified in form.

FIGURE l0 is a vertical transverse sectional view of one type of apparatus for operating the nozzle, and with the latter shown as in FIGURE 4.

FIGURE Il is a rear elevational view of the apparatus of FIGURE 10.

Structural elements Describing now the structure of the presently illustrated embodiments of my invention, and with reference first to FIGURES l to 6, the nozzle comprises a front plate 15, a Venturi tube supporting frame 16, and a Venturi liquid supply spout supporting frame 17. Frame 16 may comprise a plurality of Venturi tubes 18, which at their inlet terminus may be provided with fitted anged collars 19, and frame 17 may comprise a plurality of liquid supply spouts 20, which may be provided with out- 3,226,039 Patented Dec. 28, 1965 let apertures 21. Frame 17 may also comprise a pair of liquid supply conduits 22, which mutually communicate with an enlarged passage 23 in a tube nipple 24 extending from the frame. As will be seen, the passage 23 is aligned with and communicates with one of the apertures 21, while the conduits 22 communicate with the other apertures 21. To enable coring in molding or casting of the conduits 22 they are fabricated with open ends which are afterwards closed with tight fitting plugs, as 22a.

The opening through the Venturi tubes is preferably conical in form, being largest at 25, which is the tube outlet terminus, and smallest at 26 near the inlet terminus, which finally terminate with an outwardly flared radius, as shown. The front side of frame 16 (left side as viewed in FIGURES 2 and 4) is preferably plane faced, and, as will be seen, the outlet terminus of the tubes project a short distance out from the face. Preferably formed on the frame 16, and angularly spaced around the outlet terminus of the tubes, are a plurality of relatively thin fins 27, which are axially directed to span the space between the plate 15 and the frame face. Provided in plate 15 are a plurality of apertures 28, each substantially axially aligned with a Venturi tube, but larger than the tube largest opening at the outlet terminus.

The front side of frame 17 (left side as viewed in FIGURES 2 and 4) is also preferably plane faced, and, as will be seen, the spouts 20 project a short distance out from the face.

The back side of collars 19 (right side as viewed in FIGURES 2 and 4) is also preferably plane faced, which face is disposed substantially fiush with the inlet terminus face of the Venturi tubes 1S. Preferably formed on the face of the collars, and angularly spaced around the inlet terminus of the tubes, are a plurality of relatively thin fins 20, which are axially directed to span the space between the face of frame 17 and the face of the collars.

To align the Venturi openings and apertures and so retain the members frame 16 may be provided with a plurality of bosses 30, which are recessed, as 31, to ttingly receive doweling studs 32 formed on frame 17. The whole assembly may be secured together by screws 33, which may be threaded into the studs 32. Apertures 34 may be provided in plate 15 for securing the unit to sutiable operating apparatus.

FIGURE 7 illustrates a modified embodiment of the Venturi tubes. In this structure, instead of forming the tubes in the frame 16 they are combined with the collars 19 and fittingly inserted into apertures in the frame, here designated 16a. In all other respects the structure may be described the same as FIGURE 4.

FIGURES 8 and 9 illustrate modification of the fins 27 and 29 to a radially curved form, here designated 27a and 29a, respectively. In all other respects the structures may be described the same as FIGURES 5 and 6.

For reasons to be presently described the fins 27 (FIG- URE 5) are so directed tangentially relative to the axis of their respective Venturi tube that a straight line extended from and coincident with the side of the fins which faces toward said axis passes outside the periphery of the tube outlet largest opening 25. This is illustrated by the broken straight lines, one extended from the periphery of said opening, designated 25, and the other from the inward face of the fins 27, the space between the opposed arrowheads indicating the tangential divergence from the opening periphery. The same description applies to the fins 29 (FIGURE 6), except that these, as will be seen, are so directed outside the periphery of their respective tube smallest opening, indicated by line 26.

With reference to the radially curved fins 27a and 29a of FIGURES 8 and 9, respectively, the same description as above again applies, except that the broken straight lines indicating the tangential direction of the fins is extended from and coincident with the curva-ture termination at the end of the inwardly curved side of the fins. Thus, in FIGURE 8, line 25 indicates the periphery of the tube outlet largest opening, and in FIGURE 9, line 26 indicates the -tube smallest opening.

As shown, the fins 27 and 27a are tangentially directed to one side of their tube axis and fins 29 and 29a are tangent-ially directed to the opposite side of their tube axis.

`For reasons to be presently described, and as will be seen in FIGURES 4 and 7, the outlet terminus of the spouts 20 does not extend into the inlet opening of the Venturi tubes. This is indicated lby `the lines 'between the opposed arrowheads, designated C.

Although forming no part of the present invention, FIGURES and ll illustrate one form of apparatus which may be employed to operate the presently described nozzle. In these figures the apparatus may comprise a housing consisting of a front member 35, a rear member 36, and a motor mounting plate 37. The members may be adjoined together as by rivets 38 through flanges on the housings. Suitably yafiixed to plate 37 may be a high speed motor 139 (indicated by broken lines). A motor shaft 40 may extend through plate 37 and have mounted thereon a centrifugal type fan 41. The fan may draw air through an aperture 42 in the rear housing and impel it through apertures 43 in plate `37 into the front housing.

The present nozzle assembly may be suitably aixed, as vby rivets '414, to the nose of the front housing, as shown. A flexible conduit tube 45 axed to the nipple 24 may extend through a fitting aperture in the housing wall to connect wit-h a suitable liquid supply source.

Operation In the operation 4of the nozzle, and with reference to FIGURE '10, air ow generated with some pressure and velocity from the fan 41 will be impelled through the interstices between the nozzle tins 27 and 29 and hence through the Venturi tubes I8 and front plate 'apertures 28. As the air is impelled between the ns 29 their tangential divergence cause it to whirl in one direction as it passes through the Venturi tubes, while the air impelled between the `fins 27, due to their opposite tangential divergence, cause it `to whirl in the `opposite direction as it passes out through the pla-te apertures 2S. At the same time, under the commonly known Venturi effect, the air impelled through the tubes 18 creates a suction which draws or aspirates liquid out of the spouts 20. Therewith, the turbulence created by the reversing air whirling action disperses the liquid into `a tine fog or mist as it is expelled. However, the excellent performance of the present nozzle resides in the following important elements:

First, through much experiment and testing it was found that when the tangential divergence of air whirling ns at the inlet terminus of a conical Venturi tube is directed inside the periphery of the tube smallest opening, or such divergence of fin-s at the outlet terminus is directed inside the periphery of the tube outlet largest opening, the liquid dispersion and operating efficiency is considerably reduced, or, in other words, the mass micron liquid particle size is materially increased. Also, this effect was found to become progressively more pronounced as t-he n tangential divergence is gradually directed closer to the tube axis. Thu-s, it was determined that maximum efciency is achieved when the fin tangential divergence is directed as described in the present invention, although the degree of outward divergence may range from a line touching the periphery of an opening to a fairly wide divergence therefrom without appreciable variation in efficiency.

Second, with any given volume, pressure and flow velocity of air, it was found that with one Venturi tube large enough to utilize all the air available both the liquid dispersion and liquid volume output was considerably inferior to that of a plurality of smaller nozzles, such as embodied in the present invention. This, apparently, stems from the f-act that aspirating suction and linduced air turbulence does not incr-ease, but instead decreases as the area of the opening through the Venturi tube is increased.

Third, with reference again to FIGURES 4 and 7, it has heretofore been common practice 'to extend the terminus of a Venturi liquid supply spout some distance into the inlet opening of the tube. This was found to be etlicient insofar as liquid volume output is concerned, but not for fine dispersion. With the spout terminus so disposed the air tends to sweep straight out therefrom, effecting no cross turbulence at the terminus. But with the spout terminus disposed flush, or slightly outside the tube inlet terminus, as in the present invention, the air tends to sweep across the spout terminus as well as outward therefrom, and this action together with the whirlin air vortex created `by the described fins (which vortex tends to enhance aspirating suction) further aids in thorough dispersion of the liquid into fog.

What I claim is:

I. In a liquid dispersion nozzle, a Venturi tube having an inlet terminus and an outlet terminus, the opening through the tube varying in size being smallest near the inlet terminus and largest at the outlet terminus, a Venturi liquid supply spout disposed vat the tube yinlet terminus, an element aixed adjacent to and .spaced some distance from the tube outlet terminus, an aperture in said element substantially axially aligned with `and larger than the tube outlet largest opening, a plurality of relatively lthin iins angularly spaced around the tube outlet terminus, the ns axially spanning between and ladjoining said element and the tube outlet terminus, the ns so directed tangentially relative to the tube axis 'that a sraight line extended from and coincident with the side of the iins which faces tow-ard said axis passes outside the periphery of the tube outlet largest opening.

2. The structure defined in claim l wherein said tins are radially curved in form, the inwardly curved side facing toward the tube axis, the curvature of the fins so directed tangentially relative to the tube axis that a straight line extended tangentially from and coincident with the curvature termination at the end of the inwardly curved side of the tins passes outside the periphery of the tube outlet largest opening.

3. In a liquid dispensing nozzle, a Venturi tube having an inlet terminus and an outlet terminus, the opening through the tu-be varying in size being smallest near the inlet terminus and largest at the outlet terminus, a member affixed adjacent to and spaced some distance from the tube inlet terminus, a Venturi liquid supply spout comprised in said member, the spout substantially aligned with the tube axis, the outlet terminus of the spout disposed adjacent to and facing the tube inlet terminus but not extending into the opening of the latter, a plurality of relatively thin tins angularly spaced around the tube inlet terminus, the ns axially spanning between and adjoining said member Iand the tube inlet terminus, the fins so directed tangentially relative to the tube axis that a straight line extended from land coincident with the side of the fins which faces toward Said axis passes outside the pcriphery of the tube smallest opening.

4. The structure defined in claim 3 wherein said fins are radially curved in form, the inwardly curved side facing toward the tube axis, the curvature of the ns so directed tangentially relative to the tube axis that .a straight line extended tangenialy from and coincident with the curvature termination at the end of the inwardly curved side of the fins passes outside the periphery of the tube smallest opening.

S. The structure defined in claim 3 including an elcment affixed adjacent to and spaced some distance from said tube outlet terminus, an aperture in said element substantially axially aligned with and larger than the tube outlet largest opening, a plurality of relatively thin tins angularly spaced around the tube outlet terminus, the tins axially spanning between and adjoining said element and the tube outlet terminus, the fins so directed tangentially relative to the tube axis that a straight line extended from and coincident with the side of the iins which faces toward said axis passes outside the periphery of the tube outlet largest opening.

6. The structure defined in claim 5 wherein said ns are radially curved in form, the inwardly curved side facing toward the tube axis, the curvature of the ns associated with the tube inlet terminus so directed tangentially relative to the tube axis that a straight line extended tangentially from and coincident with the curvature termination at the end of the inwardly curved side of the ns passes outside the periphery of the tube smallest opening, and the curvature of the tins associated with the tube outlet terminus so directed tangentially relative to the tube axis that a straight line extended tangentially from and coincident with the curvature termination at the end of the inwardly curved side of the fins passes outside the periphery of the tube outlet largest opening.

7. The structure dened in claim 5 wherein the tins associated with one terminus of the tube are tangentially directed to the opposite side of the tube axis from those associated with the other terminus.

8. The structure dened in claim 6 wherein the ns associated with one terminus of the tube are tangentially directed to the `opposite side of the tube axis from those associated with the other terminus.

9. In a liquid dispersing nozzle, a plurality of Venturi tubes comprised in an integral unit, each tube having an inlet terminus and an outlet terminus, the opening through the tubes varying in size being smallest near the inlet terminus and largest at the outlet terminus, a Venturi liquid supply spout disposed at the inlet terminus of each tube, an element aflixed adjacent to and spaced sorne distance from the outlet terminus of the tubes, a plurality of apertures in said element, each aperture substantially axially aligned with and larger than the largest opening in the outlet terminus of each tube, a plurality of relatively thin iins angularly spaced around the outlet terminus of each tube, the tins axially spanning between and adjoining said element and the outlet terminus of each tube respectively, the fins so directed tangentially relative to their respective tube axis that a straight line extended from and coincident with the side of the ns which faces toward said axis passes outside the periphery of the respective tube outlet largest opening.

10. The structure dened in claim 9 wherein said ns are radially curved in form, the curvature of the tins so directed tangentially relative to their respective tube axis that a straight line extended tangentially from and coincident with the curvature termination at the end of the inwardly curved side of the fins passes outside the periphery of the respective tube outlet largest opening.

11. The structure defined in claim 10 wherein the plurality of Venturi tubes are disposed substantially in a circle and their axes substantially parallel with each other, and wherein said Venturi liquid supply spouts are interconnected by branch conduits to a single liquid supply conduit.

12. In a liquid dispersing nozzle, a plurality of Venturi tubes comprised in an integral unit, each tube having an inlet terminus and an outlet terminus, the opening through the tubes varying in size being smallest near the inlet terminus and largest at the outlet terminus, a member aixed adjacent to and spaced some distance from the inlet terminus of the tubes7 a plurality of Venturi nus of each spout disposed adjacent to and facing a tube inlet terminus but not extending into the opening of the latter, a plurality of relatively thin tins angularly spaced around the inlet terminus of each tube, the ns spanning between and adjoining said member and the inlet terminus of the tubes, the hns so directed tangentially relative to their respective tube axis that a straight line extended from and coincident with the side of the hns which faces toward said axis passes outside the periphery of the respective tube smallest opening.

13. The structure deiined in claim L! wherein said tins are radially curved in form, the curvature of the tins so directed tangentially relative to their respective tube axis that a straight line extended tangentially from and coincident with the curvature termination at the end of the inwardly curved side of the ns passes outside the periphery of the respective tube smallest opening.

14. The structure defined in claim 12 including an element atlixed adjacent to and spaced some distance from the outlet terminus of the tubes, a plurality of apertures in said element, each aperture substantially axially aligned with and larger than the largest opening in the outlet terminus of each tube, a plurality of relatively thin ns angularly spaced around the outlet terminus of each tube, the fins axially spanning between and adjoining said element and the outlet terminus of each tube respectively, the ins so directed tangentially relative to their respective tube axis that a straight line extended from and coincident with the side of the tins which faces toward said axis passes outside the periphery of the respective tube oulet largest opening.

15. The structure dened in claim 14 wherein said tins are radially curved in form, the inwardly curved side of the ns facing toward the axis of their respective tube, the curvature of the tins associated with a tube inlet terminus so directed tangentially relative to the tube axis that a str-aight line extended tangentially from and coincident with the curvature termination at the end of the inwardly curved side of the tins passes outside the periphery of the respective tube smallest opening, and the curvature of the tins associated with a tube outlet terminus so directed tangentially relative to the tube axis that a straight line extended tangentially from and coincident with the curvature termination at the end of the inwardly curved side of the fins passes outside the periphery of the respective tube outlet largest opening.

16. The structure defined in claim 14 wherein the ns associated with one terminus of the tubes are tangentially directed to the opposite side of the tube axis from those associated with the other terminus.

17. The structure defined in claim 15 wherein the tins associated with one terminus of the tubes are tangentially directed to the opposite side of the tube axis from those associated with the other terminus.

18. The structure defined in claim 13 wherein the plurality of Venturi tubes are disposed substanially in a -circle and their axes substantially parallel with each other, and wherein said Venturi liquid supply spouts are interconnected by branch conduits to .a single liquid supply conduit.

19. The structure defined in claim 15 wherein the plurality of Venturi tubes are disposed substantially in a circle and the axes substantially parallel with each other, and wherein said Venturi liquid supply spouts are interconnected by branch conduits to a single liquid supply conduit.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,593,186 7/1926 McKean et al. 239-405 2,705,171 3/1955 Ziherl 239-399 3,070,317 12/1962 Hunter et al 239-403 3,074,697 1/ 1963 Friedell 239-424 `3,119,562. l/l964 Tyler 239-318 M. HENSON WOOD, JR., Primary Examiner.

R. S. STROBEL, Assistant Examiner. 

1. IN A LIQUID DISPERSION NOZZLE, A VENTURI TUBE HAVING AN INLET TERMINUS AND AN OUTLET TERMINUS, THE OPENING THROUGH THE TUBE VARYING IN SIZE BEING SMALLEST NEAR THE INLET TERMINUS AND LARGEST AT THE OUTLET TERMINUS, A VENTURI LIQUID SUPPLY SPOUT DISPOSED AT THE TUBE INLET TERMINUS, AN ELEMENT AFFIXED AJDACENT TO AND SPACED SOME DISTANCE FROM THE TUBE OUTLET TERMINUS, AN APERTURE IN SAID ELEMENT SUBSTANTIALLY AXIALLY ALIGNED WITH AN LARGER THAN THE TUBE OUTLET LARGEST OPENING, A PLURALITY OF RELATIVELY THIN FINS ANGULARLY SPACED AROUND THE TUBE OUTLET TERMINUS, THE FINS AXIALLY SPANNING BETWEEN AND ADJOINING SAID ELEMENT AND THE TUBE OUTLET TERMINUS, THE FINS SO DIRECTED TANGENTIALLY RELATIVE TO THE TUBE AXIS THAT A STRAIGHT LINE EXTENDED FROM AND COINCIDENT WITH THE SIDE OF THE FINS WHICH FACES TOWARD SAID AXIS PASSAGES OUTSIDE THE PERIPHERY OF THE TUBE OUTLET LARGEST OPENING. 